A Bandit Approach to Maximum Inner Product Search

There has been substantial research on sub-linear time approximate algorithms for Maximum Inner Product Search (MIPS). To achieve fast query time, state-of-the-art techniques require significant preprocessing, which can be a burden when the number of subsequent queries is not sufficiently large to amortize the cost. Furthermore, existing methods do not have the ability to directly control the suboptimality of their approximate results with theoretical guarantees. In this paper, we propose the first approximate algorithm for MIPS that does not require any preprocessing, and allows users to control and bound the suboptimality of the results. We cast MIPS as a Best Arm Identification problem, and introduce a new bandit setting that can fully exploit the special structure of MIPS. Our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods on both synthetic and real-world datasets.Comment: AAAI 201

Functional Characterisation of a RECQL4 Mutation in Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome

Germline mutations affecting the RECQL4 DNA helicase cause Type II Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS), a human disease characterised by defects in skeletal development and predisposition to specific types of cancer, including osteosarcoma (OS). RECQL4 has been implicated in multiple cellular functions that mediate accurate DNA replication and repair. How germline RECQL4 mutations associated with Type II RTS affect these functions to cause disease remains unclear, in part due to the paucity of appropriate cellular models. In this work, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing was used to generate cell lines containing a prevalent RTS patient RECQL4 mutation, the “Mut-2” c.2269C>T. The resulting Mut-2 clones exhibited greatly reduced RECQL4 protein levels, similar to decreases observed in RTS patient cells. Unexpectedly, the major effect of this predicted nonsense mutation was the upregulation of the use of an alternative splice site in exon 14 which skipped the premature stop codon and resulted in the deletion of 66 amino acids in the RECQL4 ATPase domain. Despite the lower overall RECQL4 expression, single cell clones bearing the Mut-2 mutation showed mostly normal cell cycle distribution with a slight increase in population doubling times. When challenged with various DNA damaging agents, these Mut-2 clones exhibited increased sensitivities to DNA alkylators and topoisomerase inhibitors, and mild sensitivities to DNA crosslinkers and PARP inhibitors, a sensitivity profile suggestive of defects in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. When further assayed using flow cytometric GFP reporters, the Mut-2 clones showed decreased DNA DSB repair capacities in the homologous recombination (HR) and microhomology mediated end joining (MMEJ) pathways, providing evidence that RECQL4 disruption impacted replication-specific DNA DSB repair in particular. Additional RECQL4 reconstitution studies confirmed that the decreased HR repair was a result of structural changes to RECQL4 due to the Mut-2 mutation. Finally, the formation of RAD51 foci—a commonly used marker of HR function—in the Mut-2 clones post-DNA DSB induction was investigated. Surprisingly, upon DNA DSB challenge, all Mut-2 clones were as proficient at forming RAD51 foci as parental HEK293. This suggested that the RECQL4 Mut-2 mutation disrupted its function further downstream in the HR pathway than had been previously reported. The work presented in this dissertation is a novel approach to studying the effects of clinical RTS RECQL4 mutations. These studies have illuminated mechanisms of RECQL4 disruption in Type II RTS as well as the roles of the RECQL4 helicase in cellular DNA damage repair. Because about 30% of Type II RTS patients are diagnosed with osteosarcoma, a common and deadly primary malignancy of the bone, the results presented here could shed new light on potential mechanisms underlying osteosarcoma tumour development and ultimately suggest new avenues and strategies for targeted clinical intervention.NIH OxCam Progra

Simulating Large Quantum Circuits on a Small Quantum Computer

Limited quantum memory is one of the most important constraints for near-term quantum devices. Understanding whether a small quantum computer can simulate a larger quantum system, or execute an algorithm requiring more qubits than available, is both of theoretical and practical importance. In this Letter, we introduce cluster parameters $K$ and $d$ of a quantum circuit. The tensor network of such a circuit can be decomposed into clusters of size at most $d$ with at most $K$ qubits of inter-cluster quantum communication. We propose a cluster simulation scheme that can simulate any $(K,d)$-clustered quantum circuit on a $d$-qubit machine in time roughly $2^{O(K)}$, with further speedups possible when taking more fine-grained circuit structure into account. We show how our scheme can be used to simulate clustered quantum systems -- such as large molecules -- that can be partitioned into multiple significantly smaller clusters with weak interactions among them. By using a suitable clustered ansatz, we also experimentally demonstrate that a quantum variational eigensolver can still achieve the desired performance for estimating the energy of the BeH$_2$ molecule while running on a physical quantum device with half the number of required qubits.Comment: Codes are available at https://github.com/TianyiPeng/Partiton_VQ

The Supreme People\u27s Court\u27s Annual Report on Intellectual Property Cases (2016) (China)

The Supreme People’s Court of China began publishing its Annual Report on Intellectual Property Cases in 2008. The Annual Report summarizes intellectual property cases, such as patent, trademark, copyright, trade secrets, and unfair competition cases. This 2016 Annual Report examines 27 cases and includes general guidelines for legal application. It reflects the Supreme People’s Court’s thoughts and approaches for ruling on new, difficult, and complex IP and competition cases

A review of Chinese honorific's definition and contracture: Based on an observe of Honorific Dictionary

The honorific expresses have played a very important role in development of Chinese. The development of honorific expresses is to adapt the needs of communication in civilization. Under the feudal system, the honorific expresses mainly appear the contrast of grade and position. However, in the different periods of time, the honorific expresses will present different language and the culture patterns. In the modern society, the purpose of using honorific expresses is to show respect and friendship. Expresses which are out of accord with the times will be abandoned, and some new expresses will join in. Therefore, the definition of honorific should be changed in time. This paper will review the definition of honorific and categories by observe the entries in Honorific Dictionary edit by Chengyu Hong and establish some basic definition to research honorific expresses in modern Chinese

中国語における敬語体系と使用習慣に関する研究 : 日本語の敬語体系の枠組みを参考にして

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(文学)Doctor of Philosophydoctora